Public Value

Purpose: After the 4th Industrial Revolution, changes in innovation are required in education. With a report by technology company, Dell estimating that 85 percent of jobs that will exist in 2030 haven’t yet been invented, today’s school leavers are facing a future in an uncertain job market. Find out how schools are helping students to develop skills that will make them work-ready. This researcher applied media-based teaching and learning methods to provide classes to beauty major students. Method: As a result of the survey, most of the students were satisfied with the medium-based teaching and learning method for flipped learning using Google classroom. The following is a summary of what students are satisfied with in the Google classroom and Flipped Learning class. The students responded that they were able to have fun classes without being bored, received a lot of help from the professor, were able to repeat learning at home, check the contents of the assignments correctly, and concentrate well. Students pointed out that it was a little difficult to use at first, and that they had to download class-related apps as an inconvenience during class. Results: As a result of the survey, most students were satisfied with the class using media-based teaching and learning methods. The contents that were good for teaching using the media-based teaching and learning method are summarized as follows. “It was great to be able to have more fun classes”, “I received a lot of help from the professor”, “I can study at home”, “I was able to check exactly what the assignment was”, “It is possible to repeat learning”, “It wasn't boring. and I was able to concentrate well”. The inconvenient points in class were “It was a little difficult to use for the first time”, “Internet data is essential”, “You need to download a class-related app”. Conclusion: To transform future education, the ability of media-based teaching and learning methods using digital skills is essential for both instructors and learners. For this, the foundation should be actively formed to study the effectiveness and application of media-based education such as infrastructure configuration and operation management, various content development and support, and digital skills.

Purpose: Environment protection is one of the major tasks of International Olympic Committee which is listed into Olympic Charter in 1996. As the concept of sustainable development was introduced into Olympic Games, the environment protection was the top issue which the host cities should be concerned. Winter Olympic Games is a sport events relying on natural environment particularly. Therefore, this paper explored the aspects of winter Olympic Games on ecological environment in host cities. It will propose the references for 2022 winter Olympic Games to make winter Olympic Games and ecological environment sustainable. Method: This paper employs the systematic literature review to explore the relationship between winter Olympic Games and ecological environment. 15 articles was scanned and presented for extracting relevant information to analyze the aspects of ecological environment of host cities in winter Olympic Games. The information of Year, the place of Winter Olympic Games, impact or not, positive or negative impact, the specific performance and effect on host cities were extracted to use. Results: Among the existing studies, it is believed that holding the Winter Olympics will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. There are negative and positive impacts both. The negative impact is mainly caused by the site selection and the construction of the venues occupying the natural environment, which leads to a series of subsequent effects, and then affects people's lives, containing water pollution, land source, air pollution and soon. There is also positive impact which can improve the environment protection. Conclusion: First, the hosting of the Winter Olympic Games should take full account of the city's own ecological environment and urban environment. Second, the concept of sustainable development of the Olympic movement should be fully implemented. Third, relevant laws and regulations related to environmental protection should be issued.

Purpose: Various external variables, such as changes in the external environment and the outbreak of infectious diseases, are expected to bring many changes to the aviation industry, and deeper attention to crew work is needed. Since cabin crew's work requires expertise and detailed knowledge such as safety, security, service, and emergency medical knowledge, research should be started by considering cabin crew's work as a professional vocational group. Therefore, this study seeks to apply the variable Occupational Professionalism, which studies cabin crew's work from a professional perspective. Therefore, this study would like to find out the impact of cabin crew's professionalism on the service orientation, safety orientation and self-efficacy of cabin crew, and the impact of cabin crew's self-efficacy on service orientation and safety orientation. Method: This study defines Korean cabin crew members working for domestic and foreign airlines as a population. Questionnaires were distributed through an online survey, and 252 out of 384 were used for empirical analysis. A structural model was constructed and analyzed to evaluate the research model and to verify the hypothesis. Results: The higher the professionalism of cabin crew to perform their duties such as in-flight safety, security, first aid, and services, the higher the service orientation and safety orientation for passengers. Cabin crew can increase their belief and confidence in themselves that they can perform the tasks assigned to them better, and this is the way to increase safety and service orientation toward passengers. Conclusion: This study defines cabin crew as experts in the pursuit of knowledge, self-management, sense of calling, and job regulation. When providing business training to cabin crew, airlines should further strengthen their eligibility to perform their duties through professional theoretical and practical training on safety, security, first aid, and service tasks

Purpose: As South Korea enters a multicultural society, the importance of a reasonable and effective social integration policy system has been emphasized. The evaluation of social integration policies can promote policy improvement and improve policy effects. The purpose of this study is to analyze the limitations of the application of MIPEX in the evaluation of the Korean social integration policy and to give suggestions about the developing direction of South Korea's social integration policy index. Method: This study starts with the MIPEX’s analysis of South Korea to understands the advantages and disadvantages of Korean immigrant social integration policy. On the other hand, there are certain limits in MIPEX’s evaluation and practical application in South Korea, so by observation and analysis of MIPEX and comparison of integration policies of South Korea and other countries, suggestions are made for the development of a social integration policy index that meets the conditions of South Korea. Results: Although South Korea’s immigrant social integration policy is in a leading position in Asia especially in multicultural education area but compared to the Top countries in MIPEX, some improvement still need to be made. It was showing a trend of regression with increased difficulty in obtaining permanent residency. MIPEX's completely Europe-centered evaluation standards, ignoring illegal immigrants and only focusing on legal immigrants, and ignoring the actual implementation of policies are all reasons for its limitations of application in South Korea. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the conditions of South Korea and formulate policy indicators that conform to the society during the development of the Korean social integration policy index. The targets of the social integration policy should include all immigrants, and the actual implementation of the policy should be reflected in the evaluation. According to the specific conditions of the country, citizen participation, gender equality, and social security are policy elements that can be added to the index.

Purpose: Through theoretical considerations such as literature and research data on the pattern of Dunhuang, this study presents the academic systematization, a study on the artist value of Dunhuang patterns and a new possibility of application in the field of design utilizing the pattern of Dunhuang as a motif. Method: Through the collection of data on the design patterns of Dunhuang art, the materials of Dunhuang art are being used the most in the design field and can be used easily. By analyzing the literature and classifying the components of the Dunhuang art pattern, the value was analyzed. Results: The expression of the value of the Dunhuang pattern is analyzed into four characteristics which are artistic value, aesthetic value, cultural value, and economic value. Dunhuang pattern design tradition highlights the artistic expression form. The historical and economic value of traditional culture which satisfies both mental, visual and aesthetic effects were increased. Also analyzing the artistic value of the pattern of Dunhuang will help in the development and creation of the modern design field. Conclusion: By presenting the classification and artistic value of Dunhuang pattern design academically when attempting to develop a variety of designs for the Dunhuang as a formative art in the field, it is highly utilized as a formative art and exhibits fusion creative ability. It is a design material that combines both art techniques, and the number of numbers is theoretically systematized.

Purpose: Art, fashion, and beauty in modern society are changing the trend of fashion with the development of the fourth industry. As the self-beauty method through SNS such as YouTube and Instagram is widely known, the social value of hair designers is decreasing. In order to increase the value of hair designers, it is meaningful to analyze the characteristics of deconstructionism and hair expression elements in the Maison Margiela collection to understand the modern trend and to present a method of creating creative hair design. The purpose is to increase the value of the hair designer. Method: Maison Margiela Collection 2015 S/S-2019 F/W photographs are extracted from professional fashion magazines Livingly, First View, and Vogue for analysis. Three experts participated in the analysis to reduce subjective views of the data and increase reliability, and analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Results: Property cross-analysis of the Maison Margiela collection & Properties of Deconstruction suggests that 2019 F/W for Differance, 2016 S/S for Uncertainty of Meaning, and 2018 S/S for Decomposition are significant to each other. The hair expression component results were highest in form 2016 S/S, texture 2019 F/W, color 2016 F/W, and object 2018 F/W. We can find the significances between these groups. Although object accounted for the largest portion in Uncertainty of Meaning, and Decomposition, and also Differance accounted for the largest proportion in deconstruction Hair Expression Components per properties, we found that there was no significance between them. Conclusion: Deconstruction & the expression components expressed in Maison Margiela are related with each other, and objects were high in all categories of deconstruction and Hair Expression Components. objects can be seen as enough to express individuality as a hair expression element. In order to enhance each individual's personality and expand the hair expression elements, hair designers should increase the social Value of the individual hair designer by presenting various directing methods tailored to the customer during styling.

Purpose: The study aims to examine the strategies and trends of military space power in neighboring countries and derive implications for ROK’s building space Power. This article tackles both conceptual and empirical dimensions of this topic through a series of four linked questions: (1)What is Sun Tzu's "Strategy" and how does it relate to space; (2)What is neighboring state's space strategy surrounding the Korean Peninsula?; (3)What kind of implications can we draw from the neighboring countries space strategy?; (4)What are policy alternatives for the ROK to build space power? Method: For better analysis By using the " Sun Tzu's five fundamental factors(do[道] the way, cheon[天] seasons, chi[地] terrain, cheng[將] leadership, and beub[法] management)," a factor that predicts the success or failure of a strategic plan, this study attempted to draw implications and policy alternatives for the ROK by looking at the cases of military space force construction in neighboring countries. Sun Tzu introduces this as the 'docheonchichengbeub'. Results: The policy options for the ROK military by applying Sun Tzu's Osa(五事) as follows. First, In terms of Do(道), the Moon Jae-in government has a strong will to build a foundation for strengthening space power under the responsible defense policy for the early return of wartime operational control. Currently, Korea's space power remains insignificant compared to neighboring countries. Efforts should be made to lay the foundation for the creation of an advanced space force by sharing such a vision with the leader. Second, the construction of space power in the U.S., China, Russia, and Japan surrounding the Korean Peninsula is gradually intensified as the factors of Cheon(天) and Chi(地). Therefore, there is a need for South Korea to create a road map for the construction of space power and implement positive space power building policies. Third, as a factor of Cheng(將), the Korean military has many problems to be improved in terms of organization, institutional maintenance, education, and technology development for space power. Fourth, to develop military space power in terms of the establishment of a policy base, laws and systems supporting space development shall be reorganized, and at the same time, the concept of space strategy and operational doctrine shall be developed, a defensive deterrent alliance strategy suitable for mid-sized countries, and a space power construction plan has to be established to utilize space power centered on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Conclusion: It is required to strengthen the agility of operations by increasing the linkage between unmanned systems and satellites for the enhancement of public values such as saving lives in the emergency. Hence, it is suggested that the launch of a small satellite that are equipped with a high performance optical camera has to be carried out earlier than scheduled. To respond to North Korea's ballistic missile threats, it is requested to expand high-resolution military reconnaissance satellite assets which are equipped with early warning capabilities.

Purpose: Small-scale environmental impact assessment means an assessment conducted by surveying, forecasting, and assessing the appropriateness of a site location and the environmental impact to provide ecological conservation measures when it is intended to implement a development project in an area requiring planned development. However, there are many cases of raising problems because of environmental information's lack and uncertainty about ecological issues. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the small-scale environmental impact assessment consultation for the development project by analyzing the reasons for the nonagreement of consultation work, focusing on regulations related to the environment and law. Method: This study analyzed 357 cases notified the result of ‘nonagreement’ consultation of smallscale environmental impact assessments for 9 years from 2012 to 2020. We conducted a one-way ANOVA analysis to determine the differences in the reasons for nonagreement consultation by year, by consulting agency, by project zone, and by project type. Post-hoc analysis was performed by the Scheff test. To conduct statistical analysis, we used Spss Statistics 21 statistical program. Results: The sharp increase in the number of yearly nonagreements in 2018 can be attributed to environmental policy variations following government change in 2017. This increase is because the basis for determining the contents of small-scale environmental impact assessment consultations has become more stringent. We believe that the high rate of nonagreement consultation regarding guidelines and regulations in 2018 and 2019 is also an amendment in environmental policy following the change of government in 2017. The ratio of energy projects was high as the reason for nonagreement consultation by project type. It is believed that this result was inevitable to lead to ‘nonagreement’ because the Ministry of Environment established the ‘Environmental effects evaluation consultation guideline for inland solar power generation’ in 2018 to limit the location of solar power plants. Conclusion: To efficiently operate the small-scale environmental impact assessment and achieve the environmental assessment objectives, the Ministry of Environment should apply the relaxed criteria as a detailed guideline for each area in small-scale environmental impact assessments with small areas. Also, the differences in the analysis results by year and by consulting agency seem to be because most of the consultation workers are public administrative officers, and their working departments were changed according to the interchange of personnel every year. Public officials in charge of consultation are bound to rely on consultation review institutions such as the Korea Environment Institute, the Korea Environment Corporation, the National Institute of Ecology, and the National Institute of Environmental Research. They have no choice but to rely on them. Therefore, we suggest that the officials in charge of consultation should be technical officials rather than administrative officials to improve their professionalism. For efficient operation, frequent personnel transfers of public officials in charge of consultation should also be improved.